Hazard Communication (GHS) — General Industry

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 2012, 29 CFR 1910.1200) requires all employers with hazardous chemicals in the workplace to implement a comprehensive hazard communication program. The standard was revised in 2012 to align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. The program must include: a written hazard communication program, a chemical inventory, Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all hazardous chemicals, proper container labeling, and training for all workers who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals. This is sometimes called the 'right-to-know' standard.

Safety Data Sheets are the technical backbone of hazard communication. Under GHS, all SDS must have exactly 16 standardized sections. Workers should focus on Sections 2 (hazard identification), 4 (first aid), 6 (accidental release), 7 (handling and storage), 8 (exposure controls and PPE), and 11 (toxicology) for routine use. SDS must be readily accessible to workers during their shifts — either in physical binders, on computer terminals accessible to workers, or through other means. Workers cannot be required to ask permission to access SDS.

Container labeling is the most immediate source of hazard information. GHS labels require: product identifier, signal word (Danger or Warning), hazard statements (describing the specific nature of the hazard), precautionary statements (telling workers what to do to protect themselves), GHS pictograms, and supplier identification. Workers who transfer chemicals from original containers to smaller working containers must label those containers with at minimum the product identifier and hazard information. Portable containers used by a single worker during a single shift are exempt from labeling requirements. The written HazCom program must list the location of all SDS and explain how workers can access them at any time.