Ladder Safety

OSHA 1926 Subpart X governs ladders in construction. The 4:1 rule (1-in-4): base 1 foot from wall for every 4 feet of height, creating a 75.5° angle. Extension ladders must extend 3 feet above landing. One person at a time on portable ladders. Duty ratings: IA (300 lbs), I (250 lbs), II (225 lbs), III (200 lbs). Always use fiberglass near electrical hazards. Three points of contact (two hands + one foot, or two feet + one hand) when climbing. Inspect before each use. Fixed ladders over 24 feet require fall protection.

For OSHA 30 supervisors: establish a ladder inspection and replacement program. Ladders with broken rungs, cracked rails, or missing hardware must be immediately removed from service and destroyed or tagged out — not just set aside where another worker might use them. Establish protocols for side-by-side ladders on multi-story projects. Verify that all extension ladders on site are properly set up and secured before workers climb them. Address the common violation of workers carrying tools and materials up ladders in their hands — enforce the use of tool belts, hoisting lines, or material lifts.